英语课代表让我查了2022年大学英语六级阅读理解试题十二。下面整顿一篇六级阅读理解操练，蕴含英文短文、四路选择题、参考答案和逐题解析，能够先独立作答，再对照理解文章宗旨与细节。
阅读短文
In many cities, summer heat is no longer just a matter of discomfort. It can affect people’s health, raise the demand for electricity and make some neighborhoods far hotter than others. Urban trees are often presented as a simple solution, but their benefits depend on where and how they are planted.
A tree can cool a street in two ways. Its leaves provide shade, reducing the amount of sunlight that reaches roads and buildings. The tree also releases water vapor through a process called transpiration. Together, these effects can lower the temperature around a shaded area. Yet planting trees does not automatically make every neighborhood cooler. Young trees may take years to develop a wide canopy, and trees planted in narrow spaces may not receive enough water or sunlight to grow well.
City planners therefore need to consider more than the total number of trees. A map showing where residents experience the greatest heat can help officials decide where new trees are most urgently needed. Areas with little shade, high concentrations of buildings and large numbers of elderly residents may deserve priority. In addition, local communities can help maintain young trees by reporting damaged branches and watering them during dry periods.
The choice of tree species also matters. Some trees provide broad shade but require more water; others are better suited to dry conditions but grow slowly. A diverse mix of species can make an urban forest less vulnerable to disease. If a single disease affects one type of tree, other varieties may continue to provide shade. This approach may require more planning at the beginning, but it can reduce the risk of losing many trees at once.
Urban trees cannot solve every problem caused by rising temperatures. They need space, care and time, and they work best alongside other measures, such as reflective roofs and well-designed public spaces. Still, when cities plant the right trees in the right places and look after them over time, the result can be more than a cooler street: it can be a healthier and more comfortable place to live.
试题
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What is the main idea of the passage?
- A. Urban trees can replace most other measures for dealing with heat.
- B. The cooling effects of urban trees depend on careful planning and continued care.
- C. Cities should plant only trees that can grow quickly.
- D. The main purpose of planting trees is to reduce electricity use.
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According to the passage, how do trees cool a street?
- A. They block wind and absorb heat from nearby buildings.
- B. They reduce traffic and encourage people to stay indoors.
- C. They provide shade and release water vapor.
- D. They reflect sunlight back into the atmosphere.
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Why does the author mention maps showing where residents experience the greatest heat?
- A. To explain how cities can identify places that need trees most urgently.
- B. To show that maps are more accurate than residents’ reports.
- C. To argue that elderly residents should move to cooler neighborhoods.
- D. To compare the cost of planting trees in different areas.
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What is an advantage of planting a diverse mix of tree species?
- A. Every tree will require the same amount of water.
- B. The trees will grow faster in narrow spaces.
- C. The city can avoid caring for young trees.
- D. A disease affecting one type of tree is less likely to destroy the whole urban forest.
参考答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D
答案解析
第1题：B
文章先注明城市高温带来的问题，随后介绍树木降温的两种方式，再会商选址、树种和后期守护。结尾强调，树木必要相宜的地址、照料和功夫，并应与其他措施共同。因而，文章沉点不是说树木能解决全数热问题，而是指出规划与守护决定其现实成效，B概括得最齐全。
A把树木说成能够代替大无数其他措施，与末段“还必要反射屋顶等措施”相反；C将“树种选择”误读成只种快生树；D只提到可能降低用电需要，并不是全文宗旨。
第2题：C
第二段明确写出两种降温方式：树叶遮挡阳光，为路路和构筑提供阴影；树木通过蒸腾开释水蒸气。C同时概括了这两点。A、B、D都参与了短文没有注明的机造或了局，尤其文中没有说树木通过反射阳光降温。
第3题：A
第三段提出，城市规划者不能只统计树木总量，还要查看居民在哪些处所接受更强的热。热量高、遮阴少、构筑密集且老年居民较多的区域，能够优先获得新树。地图在这里是援手确定种植地址的工具，所以选A。短文没有比力地图和居民汇报的正确性，也没有提出让居民搬迁。
第4题：D
第四段指出，多样化种植能够降低城市树林受到疾病影响的风险：一种树习染疾病时，其他树种仍可能持续提供遮阴。D正确对应这一因果关系。A、B、C均不切合原文，文章反而提到分歧树种对水的需要可能分歧、部门树种成长较慢，并且幼树仍需社区援手守护。
短文参考译文
对很多城市而言，夏季火热已不只是令人不舒服的问题。它会影响人们的健全，增长用电需要，还可能让一些社区比其他处所热得多。城市树木常被视为一种单一的解决法子，但树木能带来几多益处，取决于种在哪里、若何种植。
树木能够通过两种方式降低街路温度。树叶形成遮阴，削减照射到路路和构筑上的阳光；树木还会通过蒸腾作用开释水蒸气。这些作用共同降低树荫周围的温度。不外，种树并不料味着每个社区城市自动变凉。幼树可能必要多年能力长出宽敞的树冠，种在狭幼空间里的树也可能因短缺水分或阳光而长势欠安。
因而，城市规划者必要思考的不只是树木总数。标出居民受热最严沉区域的地图，能够援手有关部门判断哪些处所最急需新树。遮阴少、构筑密集、老年居民较多的区域，可能该当优先种植。本地居民也能协助照料幼树，例如汇报受损树枝，并在干旱时为树木浇水。
树种选择同样沉要。有些树能提供宽敞树荫，却必要更多水；另一些树更适合干燥环境，但成长较慢�；旌现种卜制缡髦�，能够让城市树林更不容易受到疾病影响。若是一种疾病侵袭某个树种，其他树种仍可能持续提供遮阴。这样的做法前期必要更多规划，但能降低大量树木同时损失的风险。
城市树木无法解决气温升高带来的所有问题。树木必要空间、照料和功夫，与反射屋顶、设计合理的公共空间等其他措施配应时成效更好。只有城市把相宜的树种在相宜的处所，并持续照料，得到的就不只是一条更风凉的街路，也会是更健全、更宜居的生涯环境。
